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| CAP SR - Acetazolamide 250 mg Capsules |
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| Description | |||||||||||||
| Mechanism of action: CAP SR is an enzyme inhibitor that acts specifically on carbonic anhydrase. In the eye, this inhibitory action of acetazolamide decreases the secretion of aqueous humor and results in a drop in intraocular pressure. Pharmacokinetics: CAP SR is fairly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations occurring about 3 to 4 hours after administration by mouth. It has been estimated to have a plasma half-life of about 10 hours. It is excreted unchanged in the urine and has been detected in breast milk. | |||||||||||||
| Indications | |||||||||||||
CAP SR is useful in chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where delay of surgery is desired in order to lower intraocular pressure. |
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| Dosage | |||||||||||||
In treatment of all type of glaucoma and in the preoperative treatment of some cases of acute congestive (closed-angle) glaucoma, the preferred dosage is 500 mg stat followed by 250 mg twice daily and if IOP is well controlled after one week it can be reduce to one cap daily with monitoring of IOP. A complementary effect has been noted when acetazolamide has been used in conjunction with miotics or mydriatics as the case demanded. In all cases, the dosage should with adjust with careful individual attention both to symptomatology and ocular tension. Continuous supervision by a physician is advisable. |
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| Contraindications | |||||||||||||
| Acetazolamide therapy is contraindicated in situations, in which sodium and/or potassium blood serum levels are depressed, in renal failure, in liver disease, in suprarenal gland failure and in hyperchloremic acidosis. It is contraindicated in patients with cirrhosis because of the risk of development of hepatic encephalopathy. | |||||||||||||
| Adverse effects | |||||||||||||
| Adverse reactions common to all sulfonamide derivatives may occur: anaphylaxis, fever rash (including erythema multiforme, Stevens - Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis), crystalluria, renal calculus, bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anaemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia and agranulocytosis. In patients with pulmonary obstruction or emphysema where alveolar ventilation may be impaired, acetazolamide which may precipitate or aggravate acidosis should be used with caution. When given concomitantly, acetazolamide modifies serum levels of phenytoin, carbamazepine and primidone. Severe osteomalacia has been noted in a few patients taking acetazolamide in combination with other anticonvulsants. CAP SR is well tolerated when given orally. It can cause paresthesias, particularly a tingling feeling in the extremities, hearing dysfunction or tinnitus, loss of appetite, taste alteration and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; polyuria, and occasional instances of drowsiness and confusion. Metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalance may occur. Transient myopia has been reported. Other occasional adverse reactions include urticaria, hematuria, glycosuria, hepatic insufficiency, flaccid paralysis, photosensitivity and convulsions. |
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| Precautions | |||||||||||||
| Pregnancy: There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and nursing mothers. Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of acetazolamide in children has not been established. |
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| Presentation | |||||||||||||
| CAP SR is available in a strip of 10 cap. | |||||||||||||
